STEP clinical trials (semaglutide)
Phase 3 program evaluating semaglutide 2.4 mg for chronic weight management; reports weight change, cardiometabolic markers, and safety.
2021Open source
Source library
Science & Evidence: GLP-1, Bariatric Surgery & Metabolic Care
Educational content on GLPSurgery.com is informed by clinical guidelines, peer-reviewed trials, regulatory prescribing information, and verifiable accreditation listings. The references below let you confirm the underlying evidence directly.
A. GLP-1 evidence
Selected pivotal trials and regulatory references for currently approved GLP-1 receptor agonist therapies used in weight management and type 2 diabetes.
SURMOUNT clinical trials (tirzepatide)
Phase 3 program evaluating tirzepatide for chronic weight management in adults with and without type 2 diabetes.
2022–2024Open source
FDA — Drugs@FDA prescribing information lookup
Official U.S. prescribing information for approved GLP-1 receptor agonist products, including indications, dosing, warnings, and contraindications.
SourceOpen source
ADA Standards of Care in Diabetes
Annually updated American Diabetes Association guidance covering pharmacotherapy, including incretin-based therapies, for type 2 diabetes and related conditions.
SourceOpen source
B. Bariatric surgery evidence
Society guidance and randomized trial evidence for metabolic and bariatric surgery.
ASMBS resources library
Patient and clinician resources from the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery covering procedures, candidacy, and outcomes.
SourceOpen source
ASMBS/IFSO 2022 Indications for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery
Joint society guidance updating BMI thresholds and indications for metabolic and bariatric surgery.
2022Open source
STAMPEDE trial
Randomized trial comparing bariatric surgery plus medical therapy with medical therapy alone for type 2 diabetes; 5-year outcomes published in NEJM.
2017Open source
SLEEVEPASS randomized trial
Randomized comparison of sleeve gastrectomy vs Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with long-term follow-up of weight loss and comorbidity outcomes.
2021Open source
SM-BOSS randomized trial
Swiss multicenter randomized trial comparing sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; 5-year outcomes in JAMA.
2018Open source
C. OCC clinical data
Source-backed reference points for the Obesity Control Center program associated with this educational resource.
19,801-patient ASMBS scientific presentation (study summary)
Retrospective review of bariatric surgery outcomes at a high-volume JCI-accredited center over a 20-year period. Educational summary PDF.
SourceDownload
Joint Commission International verification listing
JCI directory listing for accredited international organizations in Mexico (search for “Obesity Control Center (Cyntar)”).
SourceOpen source
Surgical Review Corporation listing
SRC accreditation listing for Obesity Control Center.
SourceOpen source
OCC 5-year follow-up program reference
Public statement that all OCC surgeries include a structured 5-year follow-up program.
SourceOpen source
D. Safety & risk references
Patient-facing safety, follow-up, and long-term care references for both pharmacologic and surgical pathways.
FDA prescribing information for GLP-1 products
Labeled warnings, contraindications, and adverse-reaction profiles for approved GLP-1 receptor agonists.
SourceOpen source
ASMBS — Surgical risks and benefits
Patient-oriented overview of bariatric surgery risks and benefits across procedures.
SourceOpen source
ASMBS Integrated Health Nutritional Guidelines
Recommendations on post-bariatric nutritional follow-up, supplementation, and monitoring.
SourceOpen source
NIDDK — Weight management
U.S. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases patient resources on obesity, medications, and bariatric surgery.
SourceOpen source
Linking to a source does not imply endorsement by the source. External pages may change over time; titles and dates reflect availability at the time of writing. Educational content on this page does not declare any single treatment universally superior and is not a substitute for individualized medical advice.
Reviewed by
Dr. Ariel Ortiz Lagardere, MD, FACS, FASMBS
Bariatric & Metabolic Surgeon · Founder, Obesity Control Center
Last reviewed: June 2026
Sources
Educational claims on this page are supported by independent guidelines, peer-reviewed evidence, and verifiable accreditation listings. See Sources & Verification and Science & Evidence.
Medical notice. This content is educational only and does not replace professional medical advice. Do not start, stop, or change GLP-1 medication without consulting your physician.